Actualización en patología meniscal

  • Francisco Temboury Vilaseca MIR COT. Hospital Universitario San Agustín, Linares (Jaén)
  • Álvaro Moreno García Hospital Universitario San Agustín, Linares (Jaén)
  • Muhamad Ali Nagib Raya Hospital de Antequera (Málaga)
  • Tomás Alcántara Martos
Palabras clave: Menisco, Sutura, Reparción, Meniscectomía

Resumen

Las lesiones meniscales constituyen una de las patologías más frecuentes localizadas en la rodilla. El estudio y conocimiento de la anatomía y de la función de estas estructuras ha ido evolucionando ampliamente en los últimos años, pasando de ser considerada una estructura vestigial embrionaria sin utilidad a una estructura de gran trascendencia en la distribución de cargas de la rodilla, su lubricación y su congruencia articular.  El tratamiento de estas lesiones ha ido evolucionando con diferentes técnicas, partiendo de meniscectomías totales hasta la nueva filosofía de preservación del menisco (“Save the meniscus”), incluyendo diferentes procedimientos de reparación que hoy día siguen renovándose a una velocidad vertiginosa. Todo ello dependerá del mecanismo lesional, naturaleza y edad del paciente. Actualmente es todo un desafío desarrollar nuevas terapias y métodos quirúrgicos que conserven la función meniscal. La gran morbilidad musculoesquelética que comportan sus daños obliga a permanecer actualizado en todo momento al profesional para optimizar los tratamientos de los pacientes. Las lesiones meniscales en la actualidad son motivo de una gran cantidad de estudios, en los que se describen múltiples técnicas e interpretación de las diferentes lesiones.

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Publicado
2021-10-15
Sección
Artículos de Revisión