Estudio clínico sobre fijación interna con clavo cefalomedular con y sin dispositivo anti-rotatorio en fracturas pertrocantéreas

  • Jimena Llorens de los Ríos DE LOS RIOS
  • Laura Pino Almero
  • M. Fe Mínguez Rey
  • L. Gil Martínez
Palabras clave: Fractura de cadera, Fractura Pertrocantérea, Clavo endomedular, Cut-out, Complicaciones, Tornillo antirrotatorio

Resumen

Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo es determinar si la utilización de un sistema antirrotatorio adicional reduce la incidencia de complicaciones mecánicas en fracturas pertrocantéreas tratadas con clavos endomedulares, también evaluar la relación entre las variables biométricas, la calidad de reducción y las complicaciones mecánicas. Material y método: Realizamos un estudio clínico en el que comparamos dos sistemas de osteosíntesis: Gamma3 (Stryker) y Affixus (Zimmer-Biomet) con tornillo antirrotatorio. Hicimos controles con tomografía postoperatoria y radiografías, el seguimiento clínico fue de 1 año (mínimo 6 meses). Las variables registradas fueron: clasificación AO/OTA, criterios de reducción (Baumgaertner-Fogagnolo), TAD (distancia punta-vértice), Cal-TAD (distancia punta-vértice en relación al cálcar), Parker's Ratio Method y zonas de Cleveland. Resultados: Observamos 4,47% cut-out (protrusión del tornillo cefálico) (3/67), 11,94% back-out (deslizamiento del tornillo cefálico) (8/67), 5,97% fracturas contralaterales (4/67). Observamos que el grado de reducción (p=0.01) y el aumento del Parker ́s Ratio anteroposterior (p:0,002) influyen en las complicaciones mecánicas. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio, las complicaciones mecánicas en fracturas pertrocantéreas tratadas con clavos endomedulares no disminuyen con la utilización de sistema anti-rotatorio adicional pero si con la correcta reducción de la fractura y la colocación del tornillo cefálico cercano al calcar en proyección anteroposterior.

Citas

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Publicado
2026-01-31
Sección
Articulos Originales